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However, at a domestic level, natural change is not the only factor on population growth, one has to factor in the comparative attractiveness of the UK as a place to live where freedom of movement

Between 2000 and 2021, 60% of the contribution to population growth was a result of net migration. Even since the end of free movement between the UK and EU, net migration has increased to record levels.

allows. In the UK, immigration exceeding emigration has been the primary driver of population growth since the 1990s.

UK POPULATION

Population (million)

50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70

1978 1984 1990 1996 2002

2008

1954 1960 1966 1972

2020

2014

Source: ONS

UK NET MIGRATION

Net migration (thousand)

+800K +700K +600K +500K +400K +300K +200K +100K 0~ -100K

YE Dec 2018

YE Mar 2019

YE Jun 2019

YE Sep 2019

YE Dec 2019

YE Mar 2020

YE Jun 2020

YE Sep 2020

YE Dec 2020

YE Mar 2021

YE Jun 2021

YE Sep 2021

YE Dec 2021

YE Mar 2022

YE Jun 2022

YE Sep 2022

YE Dec 2022

British EU Non-EU

Source: ONS

CITY SHAPER DEMOGRAPHERS

2 Cushman & Wakefield | Future of Cities |