Appendix Files_ALL

Emergency Procedure

Radiological Attack The threat that nuclear weapons are available to terrorist groups around the world demands attention. There are two different threats in the area of nuclear terrorism. One is the use of a nuclear bomb. The other is the detonation of conventional explosive incorporating nuclear materials. These are known as radiological dispersal devices or RDD. Terrorist groups are unlikely to have nuclear weapons unless they are sponsored by a nation with nuclear capability. It is more likely that terrorists could develop radiological weapons using highly enriched uranium or plutonium wrapped around a conventional explosive. When such a weapon exploded, it would spread radiation in the area of impact, but would not create a nuclear reaction. After an RDD attack, it would be difficult to completely decontaminate the environment. The dispersal of radiation would also raise long-term concerns about health issues. Because radiation is invisible and the symptoms are not evident immediately, it would be difficult to learn that a radiological attack had taken place without use of a radiation detector. A concern is “suitcase” or “briefcase” nuclear bombs. These compact bombs are a concern because they would be innocent looking and easy to carry into a building and position. The immediate effects of a nuclear attack are unmistakable: a flash of intense light, followed by a blast of heat and radiation. The secondary effect of radioactive fallout-radioactive airborne and descending particles-is measured by the circumference of the damaged area. The degree of immediate and secondary effects will depend on several factors: • The size and type of weapon. • The terrain affected. • The height of the explosion. • The distance from the explosion. • Weather conditions (stronger winds will intensify the damage and broaden the affected area). • The thickness of protective material between the person and the fallout (e.g., bagged sand or gravel, concrete, bricks, wood, or earth). • The amount of time spent in a shelter after the initial explosion.

After a Nuclear Attack After the intense heat, rumbling noise, and fallout have noticeably ceased, follow these precautions:

Stay indoors for at least the first 24 hours after the initial explosion. This is the most dangerous period when radioactive particles are airborne. Once these particles hit the ground, they decay fairly rapidly, but it is recommended to remain

inside the shelter for as long as physically possible to avoid exposure to radiation. • Properties that survive such an attack may be radioactively contaminated. • Do not drink from community water supplies, which could be contaminated. • Be prepared for looting during any evacuation or chaos that might ensue.

www.cushmanwakefield.com

Page 12